Insulin Resistance, Microbiota, and Fat Distribution Changes by a New Model of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Obese Rats

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Abstract

Metabolic surgery improves insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes possibly because of weight loss. We performed a novel sleeve gastrectomy in rats that resects ∼80% of the glandular portion, leaving the forestomach almost intact (glandular gastrectomy [GG]) and compared subsequent metabolic remodeling with a sham operation. GG did not affect body weight, at least after 10 weeks; improved hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity likely through increased Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3, and AMPK phosphorylation; and reduced ectopic fat deposition and hepatic glycogen overaccumulation. Body adipose tissue was redistributed, with reduction of intraabdominal fat. We found a reduction of circulating ghrelin levels, increased GLP-1 plasma concentration, and remodeling of gut microbiome diversity characterized by a lower relative abundance of Ruminococcus and a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Collinsella. These data suggest that at least in rat, the glandular stomach plays a central role in the improvement of insulin resistance, even if obesity persists. GG provides a new model of the metabolically healthy obese phenotype.

Footnotes

• This article contains Supplementary Data online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/db16-0039/-/DC1.

• Received January 9, 2016.
• Accepted July 8, 2016.

• © 2016 by the American Diabetes Association.

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January 2017, 66(1) Article Alerts Email Article Citation Tools Insulin Resistance, Microbiota, and Fat Distribution Changes by a New Model of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Obese Rats Nicola Basso, Emanuele Soricelli, Lidia Castagneto-Gissey, Giovanni Casella, Davide Albanese, Francesca Fava, Claudio Donati, Kieran Tuohy, Giulia Angelini, Federica La Neve, Anna Severino, Virginia Kamvissi-Lorenz, Andrea L. Birkenfeld, Stefan Bornstein, Melania Manco, Geltrude Mingrone

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