Early menopause linked to heart failure risk

https://type2diabetestreatment.net/uncategorized/early-menopause-linked-to-heart-failure-risk/
Early menopause linked to heart failure risk Women who had shorter total reproductive duration or never gave birth at higher risk

Louise Prime

Tuesday, 16 May 2017

Add to PDP Tracker Print

Women who went through menopause early or who have never given birth may be at greater risk of being hospitalised with heart failure than other women, US research has found.
The authors of the study* published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology said infertility did not explain the association and called for more research into mechanisms behind the potential cardioprotective effect of reproductive hormones in women.
The authors added that earlier research had found that a woman"s risk of heart disease might be influenced by hormones present during the reproductive period, suggesting that women who experience early menopause might be at an elevated risk for heart disease.
The researchers, who were led from the San Francisco School of Medicine, also pointed out that hormone levels during the reproductive period might be affected by menstrual cycling and pregnancy.
They analysed data from the Women"s Health Initiative, including 28,516 postmenopausal women (mean age at baseline 62.7 years) without cardiovascular disease, to identify associations between the women"s risk of incident heart failure and total number of live births, age at first pregnancy lasting at least six months, and total reproductive duration (time from first menstruation to menopause).
They reported that during a mean 13.1 years" follow up, 5.2% of these women were hospitalised for heart failure. Short total reproductive duration was associated with an increased risk of heart failure, which was also more pronounced in women who experienced natural, rather than surgical, menopause.
The researchers also found that women who had never given birth were at an increased risk for diastolic heart failure and that having more children was not associated with heart failure risk.
The study authors concluded: "In post-menopausal women, shorter total reproductive duration was associated with higher risk of incident HF, and nulliparity was associated with higher risk for incident HF with preserved ejection fraction. Whether exposure to endogenous sex hormones underlies this relationship should be investigated in future studies."
The author of an accompanying editorial** wrote that although the mechanisms of these findings are unclear, their importance and potential impact on women"s health is real. She added: "There also remain many unresolved questions including the mechanisms of oestrogen"s cardioprotective effect, making this truly a work in progress. Altogether, these findings raise interesting questions about the cardiometabolic effects of sex hormone exposure over a woman"s lifetime and continue to raise important questions for future research."

* Hall PS, Nah G, Howard BV, et al. Reproductive factors and incidence of heart failure hospitalization in the women"s health initiative. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2017; 69 (20): doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.557
** Scott NS. Understanding hormones, menopause, and heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2017; 69 (20) doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.561

Type 2 Diabetes Treatment
Type 2 Diabetes Diet
Diabetes Destroyer Reviews
Original Article
#Uncategorized
#obesity_help